Answer:
1.Species interactions within ecological webs include four main types of two-way interactions: mutualism, commensalism, competition, and predation (which includes herbivory and parasitism). Because of the many linkages among species within a food web, changes to one species can have far-reaching effects.
2.An organism refers to a living thing that has an organized structure, can react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, and maintain homeostasis. An organism would, therefore, be any animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon on earth. These organisms may be classified in various ways.
3.In mutualistic interactions, both species benefit from the interaction. A classic example of mutualism is the relationship between insects that pollinate plants and the plants that provide those insects with nectar or pollen
4.Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Parasitic interactions consist of a parasite (the organism doing the harm) and a host (the organism being harmed). In most cases, the parasite is smaller than the host.
