Answer:
Analogy - a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Direct Speech - the reporting of speech by repeating the actual words of a speaker
Reported Speech - a speaker's words reported in subordinate clauses governed by a reporting verb, with the required changes of person and tense
Skimming - the action of reading something quickly so as to note only the important points.
Scanning - reading a text quickly in order to find specific information, e.g. figures or names. It can be contrasted with skimming, which is reading quickly to get a general idea of meaning.
