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Spontaneous Processes
- Spontaneity does not imply that the reaction proceeds with great speed. For example, the decay of diamonds into graphite is a spontaneous process that occurs very slowly, taking millions of years. The rate of a reaction is independent of its spontaneity, and instead depends on the chemical kinetics of the reaction. Every reactant in a spontaneous process has a tendency to form the corresponding product. This tendency is related to stability.
Nonspontaneous Processes
- An endergonic reaction (also called a nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and energy is absorbed. The total amount of energy is a loss (it takes more energy to start the reaction than what is gotten out of it) so the total energy is a negative net result. Endergonic reactions can also be pushed by coupling them to another reaction, which is strongly exergonic, through a shared intermediate.Saul Steinberg from The New Yorker illustrates a nonspontaneous process here.
