[tex]\sf\underline{FUNCTIONAL \: \: GROUPS}[/tex]
In organic chemistry, when you formulate different kinds of stuctural formulas of an organic compound, we must first consider its functional group. A functional group is a set of bonding electrons of an element that represents the same behavior of a similar compound.
Structural Features
a. Alcohol
- If a compound has a functional group of an alcohol, it must have at least one atom of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen that will be part of a whole, and it usually bonds with a carbon atom.
b. Carboxylic Acid
- If a compound has a functional group of a caboxylic acid, it must have a double bond between an oxygen and a carbon atom but at the same time, the carbon atom must be also bonded to an unbonded compound which is hydroxide (OH).
c. Aldehydes
- An aldehyde is a functional group when a carbon atom has a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single bond to a hydrogen atom.
d. Ketones
- A ketone is functional group when a carbon atom has a double bond on an oxygen atom and a single bond on any cabonyl group (any unbonded compound that has a carbon in it).
e-f. Alkenes and Alkanes
- These two functional groups have no form, in short, if a structural formula doesn't have a parent functional group, the compound belong to one of these three groups. Alkanes have a single bond between two carbon atoms, alkenes have a double bond between two carbon atoms and alkynes have a triple bond between two carbon atoms.
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